Abstract 1 1. Requirement and Present Situation of the Oil and Gas Resources in China 4 2. Main Fields of Oil and Gas Exploration and Problems 47 3. Prediction of Development Objectives in Scientific Field on Oil and Gas Resource in the Future 70 4. Primary Scientific Research Orientations in Terms of Oil and Gas Resources by Chinese Academy of Sciences 85 5. The Construction of chinese Oil and Gas Science and Technology Innovation System 102 References 107 Epilogue 111