1. Introduction to energy efficiency in buildings
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Protocols and legislation
1.3. Energy performance standards in the European Union

2. Basic principles of energy use in buildings
2.1. Basic principles of heat transfer
2.2. Energy balance of the building

3. Building design and envelope
3.1. Cold climate design
3.2. Strategies to reduce the energy demand
3.3. Components of the building envelope
3.4. Building retrofitting
3.5. Conclusion

4. Smart components and systems
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Smart system description
4.3. Smart building technology classification
4.4. Smart building technologies
4.5. Intelligent buildings
4.6. Building automation control systems
4.7. Energy flexibility
4.8. User interaction
4.9. Future benefits and challenges

5. Energy production in buildings
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Solar electrical energy
5.3. Wind electrical energy

6. Energy storage
6.1. Biomass
6.2. Hydrogen
6.3. Present uses of hydrogen and biomass
6.4. Heat energy storage
6.5. Energy storage by batteries

7. Optimal control of batteries and hot water heaters in zero emission neighbourhoods
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Case study of the campus at Evenstad
7.3. Conclusion

8. Spot price and carbon emissions in a zero-emission neighbourhood
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Methodology
8.3. Results
8.4. Discussion