1. Introduction 2. Conceptual framework 3. China's industrial and technology policies 4. Breaking the link between production and CO2 emissions in cement Industry: The Role of Technological Learning 5. Saving energy and CO₂in China's iron and steel Industry: The Impact of Technological Modernization 6. Modernizing the aluminum industry 7. Technological change in China's paper Industry 8. Determinants of energy intensity 9. China's technological catch up comparative perspective 10. Conclusions