PREFACE VII
1. INTRODUCTION 1(10)
1.1 BACKGROUND 1(2)
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE BOOK 3(1)
1.3 METHODOLOGY 4(2)
1.4 RELATION WITH THE SNI-AGE MODEL 6(2)
1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 8(3)
2. POLLUTION AND ABATEMENT IN ECONOMIC MODELLING 11(31)
2.1 INTRODUCTION 11(1)
2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC MODELS 12(12)
2.3 MODELLING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ECONOMIC MODELS 24(13)
2.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 37(4)
APPENDIX 2.I CONVERSION FACTORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL THEMES 41(1)
3. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION AND ABATEMENT IN AN APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL 42(31)
3.1 INTRODUCTION 42(1)
3.2 DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DYNAMIC AGE MODELS 43(2)
3.3 A PROTOTYPE AGE MODEL WITH POLLUTION AND ABATEMENT 45(9)
3.4 A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 54(16)
3.5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 70(3)
4. SPECIFICATION OF A DYNAMIC APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL WITH POLLUTION AND ABATEMENT FOR THE NETHERLANDS (DEAN) 73(28)
4.1 INTRODUCTION 73(1)
4.2 CHOICE OF THE PROTOTYPE MODEL 74(1)
4.3 EXTENSION OF THE ECONOMIC ISSUES 75(5)
4.4 EXTENSION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 80(3)
4.5 FULL MODEL DESCRIPTION 83(5)
4.6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 88(2)
APPENDIX 4.I EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED 90(3)
APPENDIX 4.II THE LES TRANSFORMATION 93(2)
APPENDIX 4.III THE MULTI-YEAR PERIOD SPECIFICATION 95(3)
APPENDIX 4.IV A PERMIT SYSTEM FOR STOCK POLLUTANTS 98(3)
5. CALIBRATION OF THE DEAN MODEL TO THE NETHERLANDS 101(45)
5.1 INTRODUCTION 101(1)
5.2 DATA FOR THE BENCHMARK ACCOUNTING MATRIX 102(8)
5.3 ABATEMENT COST CURVES FOR MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL THEMES 110(14)
5.4 ECONOMIC PARAMETER VALUES 124(6)
5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER VALUES 130(6)
5.6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 136(1)
APPENDIX 5.I DESCRIPTION OF THE INITIAL EQUILIBRIUM USING A SAM 137(4)
APPENDIX 5.II ENVIRONMENTAL INPUT DATA FOR THE NETHERLANDS, 1990 141(2)
APPENDIX 5.III REALISED GROWTH RATES FOR THE PERIOD 1990-2000 143(3)
6. DYNAMIC EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE NETHERLANDS USING DEAN 146(83)
6.1 INTRODUCTION 146(1)
6.2 INPUTS TO THE MODEL 147(5)
6.3 RESULTS FOR THE NEPP2030 SCENARIO 152(17)
6.4 COMPARING THE DELAY AND NEPP2010 SCENARIOS WITH NEPP2030 169(13)
6.5 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON THE MODEL PARAMETERS 182(37)
6.6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 219(10)
7. ALTERNATIVE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE DEAN MODEL 229(40)
7.1 INTRODUCTION 229(1)
7.2 MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 229(7)
7.3 MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH A FIXED EXCHANGE RATE 236(5)
7.4 A MODEL WITH GREENHOUSE GASES AS FLOW POLLUTANTS 241(6)
7.5 ALTERNATIVE RECYCLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT REVENUES 247(5)
7.6 A MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION 252(12)
7.7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 264(5)
8. FINAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 269(20)
8.1 INTRODUCTION 269(1)
8.2 PUTTING THE ANALYSIS INTO PERSPECTIVE 270(10)
8.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 280(8)
8.4 FINAL REMARKS 288(1)
REFERENCES 289(15)
INDEX 304