1 Introduction 2 A Delinearized History of Civilization and the Science of Matter and Energy 3 Fundamentals of Mass and Energy Balance 4 A True Sustainability Criterion and Its Implications 5 Scientific Characterization of Global Energy Sources 6 Scientific Characterization of Light and Light Sources 7 The Science of Global Warming 8 Diverging Fates of Sustainable and Unsustainable Products 9 Scientific Difference Between Sustainable and Unsustainable Processes 10 Comparison of Various Energy Production Schemes 11 The Zero-Waste Concept and its Application to Petroleum Engineering 12 Sustainable Refining and Gas Processing 13 Flow Assurance in Petroleum Fluids 14 Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery 15 The Knowledge Economics 16 Deconstniction of Engineering Myths Prevalent in the Energy Sector 17 Greening of Petroleum Operations 18 Conclusion